Addictive substances are not addictive because they taste or smell good: they are addictive because they fundamentally change our brain chemistry. Nicotine addiction is no different and its properties include:. Nicotine can act as both as a stimulant and a sedative, depending on the quantity you ingest. Typically, cigarettes contain anywhere from 8 to 20 mg of nicotine — average being 14 mg.
A steady smoker smokes at least a pack of cigarettes a day, so 20 cigarettes equal mg. Around 10 mg is lethal to small children and even less than that to babies. In comparison, a lethal dose of cyanide for an adult is 1. Cigarettes are one of the fastest ways to get nicotine into your system. After an inhale, tar with nicotine deposits travels to lungs where it latches on and gets absorbed by the organism.
It takes up to twenty seconds for nicotine to travel to the brain. Other delivery methods, such as chewing tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarette systems are slower, but not by much. When nicotine reaches the brain it attaches to neural receptors usually reserved for acetylcholine.
This begins a series of chain reactions in the body. First, it starts to stimulate the adrenal glands which start releasing large amounts of adrenaline into the system. As the heart rate goes up so does the blood pressure and this means that nicotine is also partly to blame for numerous vascular diseases. That rush of adrenaline also signals the body to dump sugars into the system —under normal circumstances that sugar would be useful for either the fight or the flight response.
In this case, it stays in the bloodstream, accumulating and since nicotine suppresses insulin release this means that smokers regularly have elevated blood sugar levels. Hide glossary Glossary Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information. Search for terms. Save this study. Warning You have reached the maximum number of saved studies Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.
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Breast Cancer Res. Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects.
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